The Boy Travellers in Australasia Adventures of Two Youths in a Journey to the Sandwich, Marquesas, Society, Samoan, and Feejee Islands — Themes and Context

FROM SAN FRANCISCO TO HONOLULU.--SIGHTS ON THE PACIFIC OCEAN.--A PORTUGUESE MAN-OF-WAR.--NEARING THE SANDWICH ISLANDS.--THE MOLOKAI CHANNEL.--SURF-BEATEN SHORES OF OAHU.--ARRIVAL AT HONOLULU.--A PICTURESQUE PORT.--DISCOVERY AND HISTORY OF THE SANDWICH ISLANDS.--CAPTAIN COOK: HIS TRAGIC DEATH.--HOW THE PEOPLE HAVE BEEN CIVILIZED.--WORK OF THE MISSIONARIES.--SCHOOLS AND CHURCHES.--PRESENT CONDITION OF THE POPULATION.--OLD CUSTOMS.--SIGHTS AND SCENES IN HONOLULU.--TARO AND POI.--A NATIVE DINNER.--THE COSTUMES OF THE ISLANDERS.--PECULIARITIES OF THE CLIMATE.--THE HULA-HULA AND OTHER DANCES. Page 1

IN AND AROUND HONOLULU.--PUBLIC BUILDINGS.--THE THEATRE.--ROAD TO THE PALI.--A MAGNIFICENT VIEW.--VILLAS NEAR THE CITY.--GIRLS ON HORSEBACK.--TARO-FIELDS.--THE WATER SUPPLY.--MOUNTAIN-PASS.-- HAWAIIAN COW-BOYS.--HILO AND THE VOYAGE THITHER.--APOCRYPHAL STORIES ABOUT THE RAIN.--SURF-SWIMMING.--THE GREAT VOLCANO OF KILAUEA.--OVER THE LAVA-FIELDS.--DIFFICULT ROADS.--THE VOLCANO HOUSE.--A DISTURBED NIGHT.--BURNING LAKES.--SIGHT-SEEING UNDER DIFFICULTIES.--TERRIFYING SCENES.--KILAUEA AND MAUNA LOA.--THE GREATEST VOLCANO IN THE WORLD.--HISTORIC ERUPTIONS.--CRATER OF HALEAKALA.--SUGAR CULTURE IN HAWAII: ITS EXTENT AND INCREASE.-- OTHER INDUSTRIES.--RETURNING BY SCHOONER TO HONOLULU.--LEPER ISLAND OF MOLOKAI.--A DAY AMONG THE LEPERS. 24

SUDDEN CHANGE OF PLANS.--THE YACHT "PERA."--DEPARTURE FROM HONOLULU.--VOYAGE TO THE MARQUESAS ISLANDS.--NOOKAHEEVA BAY.-- HISTORICAL ACCOUNT OF THE MARQUESAS.--WHAT OUR FRIENDS SAW THERE.--TATTOOING AND HOW IT IS PERFORMED.--THE DAUGHTER OF A CHIEF.--NATIVES AND THEIR PECULIARITIES.--COTTON AND OTHER PLANTATIONS.--PHYSICAL FEATURES OF THE ISLANDS.--VISITING A PLANTATION AND A NATIVE VILLAGE.--MISSIONARIES AND THEIR WORK.--THE TABU.--CURIOUS CUSTOMS.--PITCAIRN ISLAND AND THE MUTINEERS OF THE "BOUNTY."--WONDERS OF EASTER ISLAND.--GIGANTIC MONUMENTS OF AN UNKNOWN RACE. 47

FROM THE MARQUESAS TO THE SOCIETY ISLANDS.--THE GREAT BARRIER REEF.--THE CORAL INSECT AND HIS WORK.--ATOLLS AND THEIR PECULIARITIES.--ORIGIN OF THE POLYNESIAN PEOPLE.--ARRIVAL AT PAPÉITI.--ON SHORE IN TAHITI.--A BRIEF HISTORY OF THE ISLANDS.-- WORK OF THE MISSIONARIES.--THE FRENCH OCCUPATION.--VICTIMS FOR SACRIFICE.--OLD-TIME CUSTOMS.--PRODUCTS OF THE SOCIETY ISLANDS.--BECHE-DE-MER FISHING.--VISIT TO THE REEF.--CURIOUS THINGS SEEN THERE.--ADVENTURES WITH SHARKS, STINGAREES, AND OTHER MONSTERS.--GIGANTIC CLAMS.--VISITING THE MARKET.--EATING LIVE FISHES.--A NATIVE FEAST.--EXCURSION TO POINT VENUS. 74

FROM THE SOCIETY TO THE SAMOAN ISLANDS.--BEFORE THE TRADE-WINDS.--NOTES ABOUT THE MISSIONARIES.--OPPOSITION OF TRADERS TO MISSIONARIES.--HOW POLYNESIA WAS CHRISTIANIZED.--THE WORK OF THE MISSIONS.--REV. JOHN WILLIAMS.--ROMANTIC STORY OF THE HERVEY GROUP.--THE LONDON MISSIONARY SOCIETY.--THE WESLEYAN AND OTHER MISSIONS.--DEATH OF MR. WILLIAMS.--SANDAL-WOOD TRADERS.--POLYNESIAN SLAVERY.--LABOR-VESSELS AND THE LABOR-TRADE.--HOW NATIVES WERE KIDNAPPED.--"THE MISSIONARY TRICK."--THE MUTINY ON THE "CARL."--CAPTURE OF THE "DAPHNE."-- HOW LABOR IS OBTAINED AT PRESENT. 99

THE SAMOAN ISLANDS.--APIA.--ITS POSITION AND PECULIARITIES.-- BEACH-COMBERS.--HISTORY AND ADVENTURES OF SOME OF THEM.-- CHARLEY SAVAGE.--SAMOAN POLITICS.--ATTEMPT TO POISON MISSIONARIES.--FRENCH CONVENT AND SCHOOLS.--COMMERCE WITH SAMOA.--VISITING A NATIVE VILLAGE.--GAMES OF THE YOUNG PEOPLE.--YOUTHS THROWING SPEARS.--MISSION COLLEGE AT MALUA.-- HOW THE STUDENTS LIVE.--PANGO-PANGO.--ADMIRAL WILKES'S DESCRIPTION.--ATTENDING A SAMOAN PICNIC.--DIFFERENCES OF TASTE.--MASSACRE BAY.--LA PÉROUSE.--HOW HIS FATE WAS DISCOVERED.--THE SWORD-HILT AT TUCOPIA.--LOSS OF THE "BOUSSOLE" AND "ASTROLABE."--VANIKORO ISLAND. 122

THE FEEJEE ISLANDS: THEIR EXTENT AND POPULATION.--TERRIBLE FATALITY OF THE MEASLES.--ROTUMAH AND ITS PEOPLE.--KANDAVU AND SUVA.--VITI LEVU.--SIGHTS OF THE CAPITAL.--PRODUCTIONS AND COMMERCE OF FEEJEE.--GROWTH OF THE SUGAR TRADE.--THE LABOR QUESTION.--OBSERVATIONS AMONG THE NATIVES.--FEEJEEAN HAIR-DRESSING.--NATIVE PECULIARITIES.--CANNIBALISM: ITS EXTENT AND SUPPRESSION.--HOW THE CHIEFS WERE SUPPLIED.--A WHOLE TRIBE OF PEOPLE EATEN.--LEVUKA.--INTERVIEWS WITH MERCHANTS AND PLANTERS.--THE BOLOLO FESTIVAL.--ANCIENT CUSTOMS. 147

ATTENDING A NATIVE CHURCH.--A FEEJEEAN PREACHER.--DINNER WITH A FEEJEEAN FAMILY.--THE SEASONS IN FEEJEE.--A TROPICAL SHOWER.--A HURRICANE.--A PLANTER'S ADVENTURES.--SCENES OF DEVASTATION.-- THE CLIMATE OF THE FEEJEE ISLANDS.--WRECKED ON A REEF.--ESCAPING FROM THE JAWS OF CANNIBALS.--A WALKING ART GALLERY.--A TATTOOED WHITE MAN.--RETURNING TO SUVA.--THE FRIENDLY, OR TONGA, ISLANDS.--TONGATABOO.--THE KING OF THE TONGAS: HOW HE LIVES.--A REMARKABLE CAVERN AND A LOVE STORY ABOUT IT.--FROM FEEJEE TO NEW ZEALAND.--HAURAKI GULF.--AUCKLAND.--A FINE SEAPORT AND ITS COMMERCE.--HOW NEW ZEALAND WAS COLONIZED.--THE MAORIS.--CURIOUS FACTS ABOUT A CURIOUS PEOPLE.--MISSIONARIES IN NEW ZEALAND.-- HOW THE MAORIS MAKE WAR. 173

THE SUBURBS OF AUCKLAND.--EXTINCT VOLCANOES.--MAORI FORTIFICATIONS.--A KAURI FOREST.--KAURI LUMBER AND GUM.--HOW THE GUM IS FORMED AND FOUND.--TREES OF NEW ZEALAND AND THEIR VALUE.--FERNS AND THEIR VARIETY.--A PAKKHA MAORI: HIS REMINISCENCES.--CURIOUS NATIVE CUSTOMS.--BUYING HEADS.--SALE OF A LIVING MAN'S HEAD.--THE LAW OF MURU.--NEW ZEALAND BIRDS.--THE GIGANTIC MOA, OR DINORNIS.--NATIVE WEDDINGS.-- KAWAU ISLAND.--SHARK-FISHING.--OYSTERS.--VISITING THE THAMES GOLD-FIELDS.--SIGHTS AND SCENES.--GOLD-MINING IN NEW ZEALAND.--POPULATION OF THE COLONY.--ENCOURAGEMENT TO IMMIGRATION.--JOURNEY TO THE HOT LAKES.--CLIMATE OF NEW ZEALAND. 198

THE HOT LAKE DISTRICT: ITS EXTENT AND PECULIARITIES.-- MEDICINAL SPRINGS.--ANALYSIS OF THE WATERS.--FRED'S NARROW ESCAPE.--SCALDED TO DEATH IN A HOT POOL.--LAKE ROTOMAHANA.-- THE WHITE TERRACES: HOW THEY ARE FORMED.--THE PINK TERRACES.-- BOILING LAKES.--NATURE'S BATH-TUBS.--PETRIFIED BIRDS.--A TABOOED MOUNTAIN.--THE TABU ON DUCKS.--NATIVE DEMORALIZATION.--WAIROA.--DESTRUCTION OF THE TERRACES.-- TERRIBLE ERUPTION, WITH LOSS OR LIFE.--A VILLAGE THROWN INTO A LAKE.--TAURANGA AND THE GATE PAH.--MAORI FORTIFICATIONS.-- SHORT HISTORY OF THE MAORI WAR: ITS CAUSES AND RESULTS.--FROM TAURANGA TO NAPIER.--A PASTORAL COUNTRY.--ATTRACTIONS OF NAPIER.--OVERLAND TO WELLINGTON.--FARMING AND HERDING SCENES.--A CURIOUS ARTICLE OF COMMERCE. 222

ADVANTAGES OF WELLINGTON AS THE CAPITAL.--ITS INDUSTRIES AND PROSPERITY.--A CITY OF EARTHQUAKES.--ITS PUBLIC BUILDINGS.-- THE COLONIAL GOVERNMENT: HOW THE COLONY IS RULED.--THE COLONIAL PARLIAMENT.--MAORIS AS OFFICE-HOLDERS.--A WALK IN THE BOTANICAL GARDENS.--DIVISION OF THE ISLANDS INTO COUNTIES AND DISTRICTS.--NO CONNECTION BETWEEN CHURCH AND STATE.--RELATIVE STRENGTH OF RELIGIOUS BODIES.--EDUCATIONAL FACILITIES.--THE COLONIAL DEBT: ITS ENORMOUS FIGURES.--OVERLAND TO NEW PLYMOUTH.--ALONG THE SEA-SHORE.--MAKING IRON FROM SEA-SAND.-- RIDING THROUGH THE BUSH.--NELSON AND PICTON.--THE WAIRAU MASSACRE.--TO PORT LYTTELTON AND CHRISTCHURCH.--AN ENGLISH MODEL COLONY.--THE CANTERBURY DISTRICT.--THE "SERVANT-GIRL" QUESTION. 246

CHARACTERISTICS OF THE CANTERBURY DISTRICT.--VISIT TO A SHEEP-STATION.--HOW THE SHEEP-BUSINESS IS CONDUCTED.--THE AGRICULTURAL COLLEGE.--IRRIGATION IN NEW ZEALAND.--SHEEP LOST IN SNOW-STORMS.--THE SHEEP-RAISER'S ENEMIES.--DESTRUCTION CAUSED BY PARROTS.--THE RABBIT PEST.--HOW RABBITS ARE EXTERMINATED.--VISIT TO A WHEAT-FARM.--WHEAT STATISTICS.-- IMPROVED MACHINERY.--THE SPARROW PEST.--TROUBLESOME EXOTICS.-- WATERCRESS, DAISIES, AND SWEETBRIER.--AN INDUSTRIAL SCHOOL.-- MOUNT COOK: FIRST ASCENT.--PERILOUS CLIMBING.--GLACIERS AND LAKES.--THE SOUTHERN ALPS.--DUNEDIN.--OTAGO GOLD-FIELDS.-- INVERCARGILL.--LAKE WAKATIPU.--MINING AT QUEENSTOWN. 268

FROM NEW ZEALAND TO AUSTRALIA.--ARRIVAL AT SYDNEY.--HOW THE CITY WAS FOUNDED.--ITS APPEARANCE TO-DAY.--THE PRINCIPAL STREETS, PARKS, AND SUBURBS.--PUBLIC BUILDINGS.--SHOOTING SYDNEY DUCKS.--THE TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM.--HOW AUSTRALIA WAS COLONIZED.--LIFE AND TREATMENT OF CONVICTS IN AUSTRALIA.--THE END OF TRANSPORTATION.--POPULAR ERRORS OF INVOLUNTARY EMIGRANTS.--THE PAPER COMPASS.--TICKET-OF-LEAVE MEN.-- EMANCIPISTS AND THEIR STATUS.--SYDNEY HARBOR.--STEAM LINES TO ALL PARTS OF THE WORLD.--CIRCULAR QUAY.--DRY-DOCKS.--EXCURSIONS TO PARAMATTA AND BOTANY BAY.--HOSPITALITIES OF SYDNEY. 293

FROM SYDNEY TO BRISBANE.--POLITICAL DIVISIONS OF AUSTRALIA.-- ORDER IN WHICH THE COLONIES WERE FOUNDED.--EXPLORATIONS AND THEIR EXTENT.--DOCTOR BASS AND CAPTAIN FLINDERS.--ABSENCE OF WATER IN THE INTERIOR OF AUSTRALIA.--A COUNTRY OF STRANGE CHARACTERISTICS.--NATURE'S REVERSES.--HOW THE COLONIES ARE GOVERNED.--RELIGION AND EDUCATION.--JEALOUSY OF THE COLONIES TOWARDS EACH OTHER.--NEWCASTLE AND ITS COAL.--RAILWAY TRAVELLING IN NEW SOUTH WALES.--TENTERFIELD AND STANTHORPE.-- COBB'S COACHES.--AUSTRALIAN SCENERY.--THE EUCALYPTUS, OR GUM-TREE, THE TALLEST TREES IN THE WORLD.--SILVER STEMS AND MALLKE SCRUB.--BRISBANE.--RELICS OF THE CONVICT SYSTEM.--QUEEN STREET AND THE BOTANICAL GARDENS. 317

LEAVING BRISBANE.--THE REGIONS AROUND THE CITY.--QUEENSLAND SCRUB AND FOREST LAND.--FRUITS AND GARDEN PRODUCE.--TROUBLES OF THE EARLY SETTLERS.--IPSWICH AND ITS COAL-MINES.-- WINE-MAKING IN AUSTRALIA.--CHARACTER OF AUSTRALIAN WINES.-- THE LABOR QUESTION.--POLYNESIAN AND CHINESE LABORERS.-- POPULATION OF QUEENSLAND.--NATIVES AND ABORIGINES.-- PECULIARITIES OF THE BLACK RACE.--CATTLE TRACKERS AND THEIR ABILITIES.--HOW THE ABORIGINALS LIVE: THEIR HOMES, WEAPONS, AND MODE OF LIFE.--AUSTRALIAN MYTHS AND SUPERSTITIONS.-- CURIOUS THEORIES OF RESURRECTION.--SMOKE AND FIRE SIGNALS.-- HOW A WANDERING WHITE MAN SAVED HIS LIFE.--RELIGIOUS IDEAS.-- HOW THE EEL MADE THE FROG LAUGH.--THE BUN-YIP AND HIS WONDERFUL ATTRIBUTES. 388

RIDING THROUGH THE BUSH.--AUSTRALIAN HOSPITALITY.--ARRIVAL AT THE STATION.--THE BUILDINGS AND THEIR SURROUNDINGS.--A SNAKE IN FRED'S BED.--SNAKES IN AUSTRALIA.--UNDERWOOD'S REMEDY FOR SNAKE-BITES, AND WHAT CAME OF IT.--CENTIPEDES AND SCORPIONS.--A VENOMOUS SPIDER.--NOCTURNAL NOISES AT A CATTLE-STATION.--HORSES AND THEIR TRAITS.--BUCK-JUMPING AND ROUGH-RIDING.--HOW A "NEW CHUM" CATCHES A HORSE.--ENDURANCE OF HORSES.--AMONG THE HERDS OF CATTLE.--RIDE TO A CATTLE-CAMP.--DAILY LIFE OF THE STOCK-MEN.--CASTE IN AUSTRALIA.--SQUATTERS AND FREE SELECTORS.--HORRIBLE ACCIDENTS IN THE BUSH.--A MAN EATEN ALIVE BY ANTS.--BURNED TO DEATH UNDER A FALLEN TREE.--CHASING AN EMU.--ROUSING A FLOCK OF WILD TURKEYS. 359

CATTLE AND SHEEP RAISING IN QUEENSLAND.--GRASS THAT KILLS SHEEP.--PROFITS OF RAISING CATTLE.--RELATIVE ADVANTAGES OF THE TWO ENTERPRISES.--INCREASE OF FLOCKS AND HERDS.--STATISTICS.-- LIVE-STOCK IN QUEENSLAND.--VISITING A SHEEP-STATION.--DUTIES OF A GOOD SHEPHERD.--INSANE TENDENCIES OF SHEPHERDS.--MONOTONY OF THEIR LIVES.--DISAGREEABLE WORK FOR NOVICES.--SHEEP-SHEARING, AND HOW IT IS PERFORMED.--PACKING AND SHIPPING WOOL.--AMUSING STORY OF A STOLEN HORSE.--THE MINER WHO HID HIS GOLD IN A HORSE-COLLAR.--BUSH-RANGERS AND THEIR PERFORMANCES.--"STICKING UP."--"OLIVER, THE TERROR OF THE NORTH."--HELD BY A WOODEN LEG.--TRICK OF A DISHONEST GENIUS.--PEARL-FISHING IN AUSTRALIAN WATERS: HOW THE BUSINESS IS CONDUCTED.--ALLIGATORS.--THE "CARDWELL PET."--SUNDOWNERS. 382

THE PLAGUE OF FLIES IN AUSTRALIA.--OTHER CREEPING AND FLYING THINGS.--LAUGHING-JACKASSES, BOWER-BIRDS, LYRE-BIRDS, PARROTS, ETC.--TRICKS OF THE LYRE-BIRD.--ORIGIN OF THE BOWER-BIRD'S NAME.--BLACK SWANS AND WILD-DUCKS.--SNIPE, QUAIL, AND OTHER BIRDS.--AUSTRALIAN RIVERS AND THEIR PECULIARITIES.--RETURN TO THE COAST.--GYMPIE AND THE GOLD-MINES OF QUEENSLAND.--AN AUSTRALIAN GOLD RUSH.--DOWN THE COAST TO SYDNEY.--THE GREAT BARRIER REEF: ITS EXTENT AND PECULIARITIES.--SPORT IN NORTHERN QUEENSLAND.--GOING UP-COUNTRY IN NEW SOUTH WALES.--A KANGAROO HUNT.--DIFFERENCE BETWEEN A HUNT AND A DRIVE.--AUSTRALIAN MARSUPIALS.--SHOOTING WILD HORSES.--KILLING AN "OLD MAN" KANGAROO.--DINGOES.--STORIES OF KANGAROO HUNTS. 407

A NATIVE ENCAMPMENT AND A CORROBOREE.--RIDING ACROSS-COUNTRY.-- AMONG THE BLACKS.--NATIVE DANCES.--A WEIRD SCENE.--ABORIGINAL MUSIC.--STORIES ABOUT CORROBOREES.--CURIOUS CUSTOMS.--HOW THE BLACK MEN OBTAIN THEIR WIVES.--TESTING THE STOICISM OF YOUTHS.--AN ALARM AT NIGHT.--RETURN TO SYDNEY.--A BRICKFIELDER.--HOT WINDS FROM THE DESERT.--HOW A PICNIC WAS BROKEN UP.--OVER THE BLUE MOUNTAINS.--RAILWAYS IN NEW SOUTH WALES.--SALUBRITY OF THE MOUNTAIN CLIMATE.--GOULBURN.-- THEATRICAL GOSSIP.--FIRST THEATRE IN AUSTRALIA.--A CONVICT'S PROLOGUE.--THE DRAMA UNDER DISADVANTAGES.--THE RIVERINA.-- ALBURY AND THE VICTORIAN FRONTIER.--PROTECTION AND FREE-TRADE.--FISHING IN THE MURRAY RIVER.--AUSTRALIAN FISHES.--FROM ALBURY TO MELBOURNE. 429

THE FOUNDING OF MELBOURNE.--BATMAN AND FAWKNER.--GROWTH OF MELBOURNE, CHICAGO, AND SAN FRANCISCO COMPARED.--SIGHTS AND SCENES IN THE AUSTRALIAN METROPOLIS.--COLLINS STREET, BOURKE STREET, AND OTHER THOROUGHFARES.--A GENERAL DESCRIPTION.--THE YARRA RIVER.--BOTANICAL GARDENS.--DINING AT A SUBURBAN RESIDENCE.--THE SUBURBS OF MELBOURNE.--HOW ONE HUNDRED DOLLARS BECAME ONE MILLION IN FIFTY YEARS.--SANDRIDGE (PORT MELBOURNE).--SCENES IN THE HARBOR.--REMINISCENCES OF THE GOLD RUSH OF 1851.--BUSH-RANGERS AND THEIR PERFORMANCES.--PLUNDERING A SHIP IN PORT.--HOBSON'S BAY AND PORT PHILLIP BAY.-- WILLIAMSTOWN AND ST. KILDA.--SHARK FENCES.--QUEENSCLIFF.-- CURIOUS ROCKS ON THE COAST.--GEELONG.--MELBOURNE NEWSPAPERS. 452

THE RACE FOR THE MELBOURNE CUP.--POPULARITY OF HORSE-RACING IN AUSTRALIA.--CRICKET AND OTHER SPORTS.--SUMMER RETREATS AMONG THE MOUNTAINS OVERLOOKING MELBOURNE.--"A SOUTHERLY BURSTER:" ITS PECULIARITIES.--RAPID FALL OF THE THERMOMETER.--FLOODING THE STREETS OF MELBOURNE.--CHILDREN DROWNED IN THE GUTTERS.-- BALLARAT AND THE GOLD-MINES.--HISTORY OF THE DISCOVERY OF GOLD IN AUSTRALIA.--THE RUSH TO BALLARAT AND BENDIGO.--SANDHURST: ITS PRESENT APPEARANCE.--REMARKABLE YIELD OF THE BALLARAT MINES.--"THE WELCOME NUGGET."--WESTERN DISTRICT OF VICTORIA.-- LAKE SCENERY.--AUSTRALIA'S POTATO-FIELD.--GIPPSLAND.--FROM MELBOURNE TO TASMANIA.--LAUNCESTON.--A CHAPTER OF TASMANIAN HISTORY.--MEMORIES OF CONVICT DAYS.--CORRA LINN AND OTHER SHOW-PLACES. 474

EXCURSION TO DELORAINE.--THE CHUDLEIGH CAVES.--FROM LAUNCESTON TO HOBART.--ACROSS THE MOUNTAINS.--THE OLD WAGON-ROAD BUILT BY CONVICTS.--DEATH OF THE LAST TASMANIAN.--HOW THE ABORIGINES WERE DESTROYED.--A WONDERFUL TIN-MINE.--HOBART: ITS CLIMATE AND ATTRACTIONS.--LOVELINESS OF TASMANIAN LADIES.--PORT ARTHUR.-- DOGS AT THE NECK.--FROM HOBART TO ADELAIDE.--ARRIVAL IN SOUTH AUSTRALIA.--ADELAIDE: ITS PRINCIPAL FEATURES.--A RIVER THAT IS NOT A RIVER.--CHURCHES AND RELIGIONS.--POPULATION OF THE CAPITAL AND COLONY.--EXTENSIVE WHEAT-FARMS.--PRODUCTS OF SOUTH AUSTRALIA.--FRUIT-GROWING.--GLENELG.--THE HISTORIC GUM-TREE.-- PARKS AND GARDENS.--OVERLAND TO PORT DARWIN.--HOW THE TELEGRAPH WAS BUILT.--EXPLORATIONS OF STURT AND STUART.--CAMELS IN AUSTRALIA.--A SIDE-SADDLE CAMEL.--AN AFFECTING INCIDENT.--THE OVERLAND RAILWAY. 497

AUSTRALIAN EXPLORATIONS.--THE BLUE MOUNTAINS FIRST TRAVERSED.-- DISCOVERY OF THE LACHLAN, MACQUARIE, MURRUMBIDGEE, AND MURRAY RIVERS.--EXPLORATIONS OF STURT, MITCHELL, CUNNINGHAM, HUME, AND OTHERS.--EYRE'S JOURNEY ALONG THE SOUTHERN COAST.-- SUFFERINGS AND PERILS.--BURKE AND WILLS: HOW THEY PERISHED IN THE WILDERNESS.--MONUMENT TO THEIR MEMORY.--COLONEL WARBURTON AND HIS CAMEL-TRAIN.--STRAPPED TO A CAMEL'S BACK.--PRESENT KNOWLEDGE OF THE AUSTRALIAN DESERT.--ABORIGINALS OF SOUTH AUSTRALIA.--THROWING THE BOOMERANG.--A REMARKABLE EXHIBITION.-- ORIGIN OF THE BOOMERANG.--DUCK-BILLED PLATYPUS: A PUZZLE FOR THE NATURALISTS.--VISITING A COPPER-MINE.--MINERAL RESOURCES OF THE COLONY.--WESTERN AUSTRALIA.--ALBANY, ON KING GEORGE SOUND.--DESCRIPTION OF THE COLONY.--CURIOUS POISON-PLANTS.-- FAREWELL TO AUSTRALIA.--THE END. 518